The "Rapture" Notion was invented by Jesuits in the late 1500’s. Protestants were pointing to the Vatican as the harlot beast system of Revelation. Several Futurist movements sprung up in Europe suggesting that the book of Revelation was entirely future and that Rome could not be the harlot, as this was a future event. The Jesuits also peddled this "Rapture" Notion that “the saints” would not be on Earth during the time of tribulation, thereby, taking pressure off of Rome. However,  Rav Paul clearly teaches that the first resurrection and the “catching up” will occur at the return of The Messiah, which will be around the same time that the Earth will be going up in smoke (2 Peter 3:10-12) at the end of Jacob’s Trouble (cp. Jeremiah 30:7), aka "Birth pangs of the Messiah", "7 [Hebrew] Year Tribulation".